GRAPHALLOY® Plays a Key Role in Geothermal Energy

Crucial to the Success of Pentane Pumps in Geothermal Power

Pentane is a low lubricity, low boiling point liquid. Whenever there is an upset, pumps in pentane service risk galling. Because of the nature of this pumpage, GRAPHALLOY® wear parts are selected to provide a margin of safety and prevent galling.

Why Pentane in Geothermal?

Geothermal power generation must operate with whatever temperature is found in a particular well. Water and steam work well at high temperatures. At lower temperatures, a "binary system" may sometimes provide better efficiency.

In a binary system, the hot fluid from the geothermal source is used to heat a second, lower boiling point fluid (in this case, pentane) to convert it to gas and drive a turbine. The nature of pentane allows the whole cycle (fluid to gas, drive the power generation turbine, and condense to fluid) to take place efficiently at a lower temperature.

At this location, a binary system is being used to squeeze additional power from the hot condensate leaving a primary water/steam turbine. Using an additional set of heat exchangers this energy is captured to heat low boiling point pentane and to drive an additional turbine. The pentane system harnesses more of the energy brought out of the ground.

Like getting something for nothing.

The Challenge
A major U.S. geothermal power plant experienced difficulties with their pentane feed pumps. The pumps are Goulds model 12RJHC-7 stage vertical can pumps. They have a shaft diameter of 1.5 inches with an 18 inch diameter suction can. Each pump is driven by a 125 HP, 1800 RPM electric motor.

Service Conditions

Flow: 966 GPM

Total Developed Head: 476 Feet

Specific Gravity: 0.58 SG

Temperature: 123° F/51° C

Bearings: originally fitted with bronze bearings

The plant's pentane pumps were experiencing deflections on start-up and shut-down. This caused the rotating sleeves to come into contact with the bronze bearings. Because of pentane's poor lubricity, this can cause severe wear or galling and risks damage or seizing of the pumps.

The Solution
To eliminate this problem, the maintenance staff consulted with the engineers at Graphite Metallizing and converted the bowl and line shaft bearings to a GRAPHALLOY bronze grade. The upgrade was a relatively simple procedure allowing the pumps to return to service quickly. The pumps have been in operation without issues for over 3 years.

GRAPHALLOY bearings have been improving the operation of pumps in difficult applications for almost a century. Graphite Metallizing Corporation, the manufacturer of GRAPHALLOY bearings, has been supplying products to companies involved in the production of renewable energy for 50+ years.

GRAPHALLOY® Bushings For Clean Geothermal Energy

GRAPHALLOY® Bushings Keep Geothermal Brine Pumps Pumping


GRAPHALLOY bushings were made to conquer harsh environments. And what test could be tougher than a brine pump at a geothermal power plant?

Geothermal power is an important source of renewable energy because it is cost effective, reliable, sustainable and environmentally friendly. One U.S. power plant - a large commercial producer of geothermal energy - was experiencing major problems with its geothermal brine pumps. Geothermal brine is highly corrosive and was causing the 416SS Boron coated bearings to fail and, as a result, service life was severely reduced.

The pumps are Johnston Pump Model 24.5 x 8 x 10 Type JTCF (Discharge Head and nine stages of Type 12ES Bowls) with the following service conditions:

Flow: 1300 GPM
Total Developed Head: 485 feet
Temperature: 350° F - 400° F/180° C - 200° C
Specific Gravity: 0.89 SG

The maintenance staff at the plant tried several other bearing materials, including bronze and a type of PEEK plastic. Neither provided acceptable performance.

In 2008, the staff converted one of the brine pumps to Nickel GRAPHALLOY because they knew of its resistance to corrosion and its non-galling properties.

Results have exceeded expectations. In fact, the Maintenance Staff recently converted two additional brine pumps to Nickel GRAPHALLOY.

GRAPHALLOY bearings have been improving the operation of pumps in difficult applications for almost a century. Graphite Metallizing, makers of GRAPHALLOY, has been supplying products to companies involved in the production of clean, renewable energy for many years. Because of the extreme nature of the environments required to generate geothermal power, the use of traditional bearings often proves difficult. Yet GRAPHALLOY is tough enough for these applications.

Is GRAPHALLOY a good fit for your pump application? Our engineers can walk you through the key advantages of these bearings and discuss the right GRAPHALLOY solution for you.